Definition
A test involving X-rays of the teeth and
mouth. X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation (like
light); they are of higher energy, however, and can penetrate
the body to form an image on film. Structures that are dense
(such as teeth) will appear white, air will be black, and
other structures (including the bone and dentin) will be
shades of gray.
Alternative names
X-ray - teeth
How the test is performed
The test is performed
in the dentist's office. The most common procedure is a
"bite-wing", where a small piece of film is placed in the
mouth behind a section of the teeth. You are asked to bite
down on the paper tab around the film, which holds the film in
place. The X-ray
machine is aimed at that section of teeth, and a picture is
taken. Most dental X-rays include 4 or more views of the
teeth.
How to prepare for the test
Adults:
There is
no special preparation.
Infants and children:
The
physical and psychological preparation you can provide for
this or any test or procedure depends on your child's age,
interests, previous experiences, and level of trust. For
specific information regarding how you can prepare your child,
see the following topics as they correspond to your child's
age:
Notify the dentist if you are pregnant.
How the test will feel
The X-ray
itself causes no discomfort. Some people find that biting on
the piece of film makes them gag; slow, deep breathing through
the nose usually relieves this feeling.
Risks
There is very low radiation exposure.
However, no one should receive more radiation than necessary.
A lead apron can be used to cover the body to reduce radiation
exposure, especially for women who are or may be pregnant.
Why is the test done
Dental X-rays are useful in
the diagnosis of dental diseases and injury.
Normal values
Normal number, structure, and position
of the teeth and jaw bones. No cavities or other
abnormalities.
What abnormal results mean
Dental X-rays may
reveal:
- the number, size, and position of teeth
- unemerged or impacted teeth
- the presence and extent of dental
caries
- bone damage (such as from periodontitis)
- abscessed
teeth
- fractured
jaw
- gingivitis
- impacted
tooth
- malocclusion
of teeth
- other abnormalities of the teeth and jaw bones
Special Considerations
Dental X-rays can reveal tooth
decay (cavities) before they are visible even to the
dentist. Many dentists will take yearly bite-wings to catch
the early development of cavities. |
